MassMeshWiki - User contributions [en]

Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh

2021-06-13T14:24:24Z

Lurker42o: Link to techdata

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Ubiquiti]]
[[File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png|thumb|UAP AC Mesh -- Front]]
[[File:UAP_Mounting_Slide.jpeg|thumb|UAP AC Mesh -- Back]]

The UAP AC Mesh is an omnidirectional, weather resistant, PoE powered access point. It is useful for short (less than one block,) unplanned links. If you live in an apartment building, this device will connect you with your next-door neighbor through the wall.

{{ Warning| This is a PoE device. Never connect your computer directly to the PoE injector's red port!!!}}

== Files ==
[https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin Ubiquiti Firmware (Downgrade to 3.7.xx)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin Mass Mesh Firmware (sysupgrade)]

[https://openwrt.org/toh/hwdata/ubiquiti/ubiquiti_unifi_ac_mesh OpenWrt Techdata]

== Flashing ==

=== From OpenWRT ===
If you're already using OpenWRT, you can use Luci to install the Mass Mesh firmware.
# Download the latest [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin MassMesh sysupgrade firmware.]
# Connect to the Nanostation and enter its IP address into your favorite web browser.
## If you are using another version of OpenWrt, please refer to its documentation for details about its IP address.
# Navigate to System → Backup / Flash Firmware → Actions: '''Flash new firmware image.'''
# Choose the sysupgrade file previously downloaded and click '''Flash'''
# Wait for the device to complete and reboot (This can take up to 5 minutes.)

=== From Stock Firmware (Ubiquiti AirOS) ===
If your device shipped with the latest firmware, or if you upgraded to version <code>3.8.xx.xxxx</code> or higher, you need to downgrade the device before you can flash it due to the <code>mtd</code> utility being missing in later versions. Simply download any <code>3.7.xx.xxxx</code> firmware image from [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin Ubiquiti Downloads] and complete this section before proceeding to [[#Install the Mass Mesh Firmware]].<section begin="flash-uap-ac-mesh" />{{Template:TFTP Flashing Steps
|factory_reset_steps=
# Unplug the ethernet from the antenna (This turns it off.)
# Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
# Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
# Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)
|firmware_link=[https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
|firmware_filename=firmware.bin
|firmware_renamed=yes
|device_ip=192.168.1.20
|user_ip=192.168.1.25/24
}}

The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete. After writing the firmware, the device automatically reboots. This will take a few minutes to complete, and when done the device will be pingeable at 192.168.1.20.

* The radio will timeout if left in tftp mode for too long. If the transfer is unsuccessful, try power cycling the radio and entering tftp mode again.
* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.)</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device (default password is <code>ubnt</code>):
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If the device does not reboot by itself, type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>
<section end="flash-uap-ac-mesh" />

Ubiquiti Nanostation M5 (XW)

2021-02-06T22:17:28Z

Lurker42o: Front matter and section headings

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Ubiquiti]]
[[File:Nanostation_M5_All_Angles.jpg|thumb|Nanostation M5 -- Product image]]

The Nanostation M5 is a widely available semi-directional, weather resistant, PoE powered access point. It is useful for either short or long-range [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communication PTMP links]. If you live on a residential street, you can point this radio down the street to connect with everyone in your line of sight.

{{ Warning| This is a PoE device. Never connect your computer directly to the PoE injector's red port!!!}}

== Files ==
[http://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.6/targets/ath79/generic/openwrt-19.07.6-ath79-generic-ubnt_nanostation-m-xw-squashfs-factory.bin OpenWrt 19.07]

== Flashing ==
=== From OpenWRT ===
=== From Stock Firmware (Ubiquiti AirOS) ===

File:Nanostation M5 All Angles.jpg

2021-02-06T22:00:48Z

Lurker42o:

Category:Devices

2021-02-06T21:54:54Z

Lurker42o: /* Work In Progress Devices */ Add Nanostation M5 XW b/c I'm working on that one

__FORCETOC__
In order to mesh with other mesh nodes in your neighborhood network, you will require two main components: a device to run the Mass Mesh firmware and a radio so that you can communicate with other nodes.
{{Note|We also maintain a helpful list of [[Hardware Bundles]] for your convenience.}}
{{Warning| If you're buying a new device, check for it in OpenWrt's "[https://openwrt.org/toh/start Table of Hardware]" before buying!}}

== Mesh Node Devices ==
These are devices that can run the meshing protocol (Yggdrasil.) Once they have the Mass Mesh firmware flashed, you can connect to them for access to the mesh via wifi and/or ethernet. They will also automatically discover and connect to nearby mesh nodes via their [[#Mesh Radio Devices|connected mesh radio]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Mesh Node Devices
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Yggdrasil Speed !! Mesh Exit Capable !! Built-in Wifi !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Images
|-
| [[:Category:Raspberry Pi Foundation|Raspberry Pi Foundation]] || [[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]] || [https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/README.md Hardware Specifications] || 450 Mbit/s || No<sup>3</sup> || Yes || No<sup>2</sup> || 2019 || $35.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/
|-
| PC Engines || [[PC Engines APU2|APU2]] || [https://pcengines.ch/pdf/apu2.pdf Owner's Manual], [https://pcengines.ch/apu2c4.htm Product File] || 950 Mbit/s || Yes || No<sup>1</sup> || No<sup>2</sup> || 2016 || $115.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/apu2/
|-
| [[:Category:Globalscale|Globalscale]] || [[Globalscale ESPRESSObin v5|Espressobin v5]] |||| 300 Mbit/s || Yes || No<sup>1</sup> || No<sup>1</sup> || 2017 || $49.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/
|-
|}

<sup>1</sup> USB and 2 mini-pcie interfaces available to add one or more wifi interfaces<br/>
<sup>2</sup> Possible with outdoor case<br/>
<sup>3</sup> Possible with additional adapters<br/>

== Mesh Radio Devices ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Point-To-Multi-Point (PTMP) Radios
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Images
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti NanoStation 5AC Loco|NanoStation 5AC Loco]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/NanoStation_ac/NS-5ACL_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/NanoStation_AC/NanoStation_AC_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || $60.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_nanostation-ac-loco/
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh|UAP AC Mesh]] || [http://dl-origin.ubnt.com/guides/UniFi/UniFi_AP-AC-M_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [http://dl-origin.ubnt.com/datasheets/unifi/UniFi_AC_Mesh_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || 2016 || $120.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/
|-
|}

== Point-To-Point Radio Devices ==
PTP radios are devices that provide a direct link between 2 locations, usually over a long range. There is no need for custom firmware on these radios. Simply configure both ends of the link with matching settings and provide line-of-sight between them to connect.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Point-To-Point (PTP) Radios
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP
|-
| [[:Category:MikroTik|MikroTik]] || [[MikroTik wAP 60G]] || [https://i.mt.lv/cdn/rb_files/1542446763RBwAPG-60ad-h.pdf Quick Start Guide] || Yes || ? || $99
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti LiteBeam 5AC Gen2|LiteBeam 5AC Gen2]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/LiteBeam_Gen2/LiteBeam_5AC-Gen2_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/LiteBeam/LiteBeam_AC_Gen2_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || ?
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti NanoBeam 5AC 16|NanoBeam 5AC 16]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/NanoBeam_ac/NanoBeam_NBE-5AC-16_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/NanoBeam_ac/NanoBeam_ac_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || ?
|-
|}

== Work In Progress Devices ==
{{Warning| The following devices are unsupported. '''If you are looking to host a node, we recommend that you buy one of the supported devices,''' as it's guaranteed that they will work in the mesh.}}
{{Note| A great way to help the tech team is to work with us to add support for the WIP devices.}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Work In Progress (WIP) Devices
! Brand !! Model !! Yggdrasil Speed !! Mesh Exit Capable !! Built-in Wifi !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Notes
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[EdgeRouter Lite]] || 40 Mbit/s || No || No || No || 2018 || $129 || This device could work, but is super slow running Yggdrasil.
|-
| [[:Category:Linksys|Linksys]] || [[Linksys WRT1900AC|WRT1900AC]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2014 || $149.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TP-Link Archer C7 AC1750|Archer C7 AC1750]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2013 || $99.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TL-WDR3500]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2012 || $44.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TL-WDR4300]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2012 || $109.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:Xiaomi|Xiaomi]] || [[Xiaomi Mi Router 3|Mi Router 3]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || ? || $30.00 ||
|-
| [[:Category:Aerohive|Aerohive]] || [[Aerohive AP330|AP330]] || ? || ? || Yes || No || 2013 || ? || Must flash Open WRT [https://git.openwrt.org/?p=openwrt/openwrt.git;a=commit;h=f2b7d9dc1ca3d33f14961cf2885639f4f9e8965e via UART.]
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti Nanostation M5 (XW)|Nanostation M5 (XW)]] || ? || ? || Yes || Yes || ? || ? ||
|-
|}

<sup>1</sup> USB and mini-pcie interfaces available to add a wifi interface<br/>

First Time Setup

2021-01-09T21:55:57Z

Lurker42o: /* Authorize the Maintenance Team to Access Your Mesh Node */ Changed my pubkey

{{Tip | Before continuing, connect to your mesh node using the '''MassMesh.org''' wireless network or by connecting directly to the mesh node, like in [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]].}}

{{Tip | Access your mesh node by navigating to http://192.168.42.1 in your web browser.}}

== Setting Your Password ==

[[File:No_password.png|thumb|When you first boot your mesh node, there is no admin password set.]]

When you first boot your mesh node, there is no password set. This is quite dangerous, so OpenWrt will disable many useful features until you set one. Therefore, it is important that you set one up right away.

{{Warning|This is not the same thing as a wi-fi password. Your admin password should be a secret.}}

To set a password, complete the following steps:
* Navigate to "System > Administration" in the left-hand menu of OpenWrt
** [[File:Set_password_screen.png|frameless|Enter your desired password twice, and click "Save."]]
* Enter your desired password twice, and hit Enter or click "Save."

== Enabling Remote Support ==

Following these steps, you will allow a maintainer to log into and use your mesh node remotely -- as long as it's connected to the global Yggdrasil network. See [[#The Yggdrasil Page]] if you think you may not be connected to the rest of the Yggdrasil network.

In order to enable remote support, you will need to:
# Authorize the maintenance team to access your mesh node
# Allow SSH over Yggdrasil

=== Authorize the Maintenance Team to Access Your Mesh Node ===

{{Note|You must first [[#Setting Your Password|Set Up a Password]] before adding authorized remote users.}}

# Navigate to System > Administration
# Select the "SSH-Keys" tab
## [[File:SSH_Keys_Screen_owrt.png|frameless|The ssh-keys tab.]]
# Enter the following keys, clicking "Add Key" in between each
<pre>
ssh-rsa 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 lurker@join-or-die

ssh-rsa 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 ward@countzero

ssh-rsa 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 stephen304@gmail.com

</pre>

=== Allow SSH over Yggdrasil ===
# Navigate to Network > Firewall
# Select the "Traffic Rules tab
## [[File:Firewall_traffic_rules_tab_owrt.png|frameless|The network firewall traffic rules tab.]]
# Scroll down to "Allow-SSH-Yggdrasil"
# Enable the Accept input checkbox
## [[File:Enable_ssh_over_yggdrasil_firewall_rule_checked.png|frameless|Enable the ssh-over-yggdrasil firewall rule.]]
# Click "Save and Apply"
## [[File:firewall_save_and_apply.png|frameless|Click save and apply]]

== The Diagnostic Page ==
== The Yggdrasil Page ==

[[File:Peers.png|thumb|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

One of the most helpful screens for troubleshooting is the Yggdrasil page. This page is entirely focused on your mesh node's status ''within the global Yggdrasil mesh network.'' You can access the Yggdrasil page by selecting "Network > Yggdrasil" on the right-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== Important Yggdrasil Information ===

You can view important information about your mesh node in the Yggdrasil screen. Among other things, you can view your node's static [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 IPv6] address and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography public key.]

Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes. It comes in handy very frequently, and is used for remote support (among other things.) Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network. It's good to know where it is just in case you ever need it.

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes.]]
[[File:Pubkey.png|frameless|Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network.]]

=== Checking for Peers ===

As long as your mesh node has public Yggdrasil peers, it is connected to the global Yggdrasil mesh network. This means that things like remote support will work properly. If you're interested in learning more about Yggdrasil vs. the Internet vs. the LAN, see our [[Network Architecture]] page.

A working mesh node should have several peers. You can see these in the following screen:
* [[File:Peers.png|frameless|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this:
* [[File:No_Peers.png|frameless|If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this.]]
* Note the "Proto" column.... it says "self," because the only peer your mesh node has is ... itself!

== The Internet Gateway Page ==

Once you are connected to the ''Yggdrasil mesh network'' (see previous section), it is time to configure the node for internet access. To do so, the node needs to be connected to an internet gateway. We use a program called [https://github.com/massmesh/autoygg Autoygg] for this purpose. You can access the Internet Gateway page by selecting "Network > Internet Gateway" in the left-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== The Autoygg client status page ===

The '''Status''' page shows the current connection state with the configured Autoygg Gateway. On first boot, the page will show that you are '''disconnected''':

[[File:AutoyggStatusFirstTimeSetup.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen for a new installation.]]

=== The Autoygg client settings page ===

On the '''Settings''' page, an Internet Gateway server can be configured. It is also possible (but not required) to populate your name, e-mail address and/or phone number, to identify yourself to the gateway owner.

==== Connecting to a Mass Mesh public Internet Gateway ====
<section begin=autoygg_firstsetup />
Mass Mesh runs a public Internet Gateway at the address '''201:506e:60d6:bd66:e35c:606:4883:ea9a'''. If you would like to use it to connect to the internet, put that address in the '''autoygg gateway''' field and click '''SAVE & APPLY''':

[[File:AutoyggSettingsMassMeshGateway.png|frameless|The Autoygg settings screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured.]]

At this point, the '''Status''' page will show you are not connected:

[[File:AutoyggStatusPageClientNotConnected.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured, but not connected.]]

Before you can connect to the internet via the Mass Mesh gateway, one of our volunteers will need to add your node to the accesslist on the gateway server. You can request this in the '''[https://app.element.io/#/room/#mm-ap-hosts:matrix.org Mass Mesh AP Hosts chat room].''' Please provide your Yggdrasil IPv6 address when you do so, which is available on the '''Yggdrasil node status''' page:

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to your Yggdrasil node, and never changes.]]

Once your node is added to our accesslist, you can hit the '''Connect''' button and if that goes well, the status page will look similar to this:

[[File:AutoyggStatusPageClientConnected.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured and connected.]]
<section end=autoygg_firstsetup />

==== Connecting to your own Internet Gateway ====

It is also possible to run your own Internet Gateway server. This can be done on a cheap cloud VPS, for instance. It requires installing and running the [https://github.com/MassMesh/autoygg/blob/main/README.md Autoygg server]. If you want assistance with this, please ask in the '''[https://app.element.io/#/room/#massmeshtech:matrix.org MassMesh Tech chat room].'''

Aerohive AP330

2020-12-19T22:05:13Z

Lurker42o: /* Use Tftpboot To Load OpenWrt Into Memory */

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Aerohive]]
[[File:Aerohive_AP330.png|thumb|Aerohive AP330 <br> [https://usermanual.wiki/Aerohive-Networks/HIVEAP350.Aerohive-AP330-AP350-UserGuide-Rev1 User Manual] <br> [https://www.aerohiveworks.com/datasheets/Aerohive_Datasheet_AP330_NEW.pdf Datasheet]]]
{{Warning|This device must be flashed via UART. Do not buy a stock AP330 unless you are comfortable with the install process below.}}

= Files =
[https://wikidevi.wi-cat.ru/Aerohive_HiveAP_330 WikiDevi Page]

[https://openwrt.org/toh/hwdata/aerohive/aerohive_hiveap-330 OpenWrt Techdata]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/mpc85xx/p1020/ OpenWRT Snapshots]

[https://git.openwrt.org/?p=openwrt/openwrt.git;a=commit;h=f2b7d9dc1ca3d33f14961cf2885639f4f9e8965e OpenWRT commit message]

= Flashing From The Stock Firmware =
Aerohive routers come with a super locked down operating system on them. They're optimized for management via something called the Hive Manager, which is a cloud platform owned by Aerohive. This obviously won't do!

In order to flash OpenWrt, we will need to interrupt the boot-up process using a serial cable and a program called minicom. We will then load OpenWrt directly into RAM, and boot from memory. After booting a temporary copy of OpenWrt in this way, we can run a sysupgrade within OpenWrt to flash OpenWrt onto the hard-drive. This is not as hard as it sounds. Before proceeding, you will want to [https://www.microcenter.com/product/509242/qvs-usb-(type-a)-male-to-rj-45-male-cisco-rs232-serial-rollover-cable-blue---6-ft obtain a console cable], and download [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Working_with_the_serial_console#Minicom minicom].

== Interrupt The Boot Process ==
# Connect your laptop to the Aerohive with a console cable
# launch `minicom` in a terminal
# Connect the Aerohive to power, and quickly press any key to interrupt the boot process
# Enter the password <code>AhNf?d@ta06</code> if prompted.
# You should see a prompt starting with <pre>=></pre>

== Use Tftpboot To Load OpenWrt Into Memory ==
There are a couple steps missing from the commit message. Namely, you should assign your 'laptop' a static IP address, and connect it to the Aerohive with an ethernet cable. If you don't know the name of your ethernet interface, run <code>ip link</code>.
<pre>
sudo su
ip addr add 192.168.1.101/24 dev eth0
systemctl start tftpd
cd /srv/tftp/
wget https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/mpc85xx/p1020/openwrt-mpc85xx-p1020-aerohive_hiveap-330-initramfs-kernel.bin
wget https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/mpc85xx/p1020/openwrt-mpc85xx-p1020-aerohive_hiveap-330-squashfs-fdt.bin
wget https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/mpc85xx/p1020/openwrt-mpc85xx-p1020-aerohive_hiveap-330-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
</pre>

Back in the console of the Aerohive (minicom), first set the necessary environment variables, then use tftpboot to load the OpenWrt firmware directly into working memory.
<pre>
=> setenv serverip 192.168.1.101
=> setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.1
=> tftpboot 0x1000000 192.168.1.101:openwrt-mpc85xx-p1020-aerohive_hiveap-330-initramfs-kernel.bin
=> tftpboot 0x6000000 192.168.1.101:openwrt-mpc85xx-p1020-aerohive_hiveap-330-squashfs-fdt.bin
=> bootm 0x1000000 - 0x6000000
</pre>
You should be prompted to press ENTER eventually, and see the familiar OpenWrt splash screen.

== Perform The Sysupgrade ==
Once you've loaded OpenWrt into working memory and launched a remote shell, all that's left is to install OpenWrt permanently. This is the easy part! First, we'll copy the sysupgrade file onto the Aerohive, then we'll run the sysupgrade.

On your laptop,
<pre>
scp /srv/tftp/*sysupgrade.bin root@192.168.1.1:/tmp/sysupgrade.bin
ssh root@192.168.1.1
sysupgrade /tmp/sysupgrade.bin
</pre>

You did it! You can now install whatever packages you find useful.

From a remote shell on the Aerohive,
<pre>
opkg update
opkg install curl
opkg install luci
[...]
</pre>

= Benchmarks =
== Clearnet Wireless Traffic ==
<pre>
Connecting to host 192.168.1.1, port 5201
[ 5] local 192.168.1.204 port 52820 connected to 192.168.1.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 10.6 MBytes 89.2 Mbits/sec 0 462 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 11.6 MBytes 97.7 Mbits/sec 0 680 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 10.0 MBytes 83.9 Mbits/sec 0 759 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 10.0 MBytes 83.9 Mbits/sec 0 897 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 10.0 MBytes 83.9 Mbits/sec 0 897 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 11.2 MBytes 94.4 Mbits/sec 0 987 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 11.2 MBytes 94.4 Mbits/sec 0 987 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 10.0 MBytes 83.9 Mbits/sec 0 987 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 11.2 MBytes 94.4 Mbits/sec 0 987 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 10.0 MBytes 83.9 Mbits/sec 0 987 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 106 MBytes 88.9 Mbits/sec 0 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.06 sec 104 MBytes 86.4 Mbits/sec receiver

</pre>

== Clearnet Wired Traffic ==
<pre>
Connecting to host 192.168.1.1, port 5201
[ 5] local 192.168.1.108 port 50302 connected to 192.168.1.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 71.5 MBytes 600 Mbits/sec 0 395 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 18.0 MBytes 151 Mbits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 12.2 MBytes 102 Mbits/sec 1 1.41 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 0 1.41 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 102 MBytes 85.3 Mbits/sec 1 sender
[ 5] 0.00-13.34 sec 99.6 MBytes 62.6 Mbits/sec receiver

</pre>

== Yggdrasil Wireless Traffic ==
???

Category:Devices

2020-11-28T22:50:55Z

Lurker42o: Link to OpenWrt "table of hardware"

__FORCETOC__
In order to mesh with other mesh nodes in your neighborhood network, you will require two main components: a device to run the Mass Mesh firmware and a radio so that you can communicate with other nodes.
{{Note|We also maintain a helpful list of [[Hardware Bundles]] for your convenience.}}
{{Warning| If you're buying a new device, check for it in OpenWrt's "[https://openwrt.org/toh/start Table of Hardware]" before buying!}}

== Mesh Node Devices ==
These are devices that can run the meshing protocol (Yggdrasil.) Once they have the Mass Mesh firmware flashed, you can connect to them for access to the mesh via wifi and/or ethernet. They will also automatically discover and connect to nearby mesh nodes via their [[#Mesh Radio Devices|connected mesh radio]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Mesh Node Devices
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Yggdrasil Speed !! Mesh Exit Capable !! Built-in Wifi !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Images
|-
| [[:Category:Raspberry Pi Foundation|Raspberry Pi Foundation]] || [[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]] || [https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/README.md Hardware Specifications] || 450 Mbit/s || No<sup>3</sup> || Yes || No<sup>2</sup> || 2019 || $35.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/
|-
| PC Engines || [[PC Engines APU2|APU2]] || [https://pcengines.ch/pdf/apu2.pdf Owner's Manual], [https://pcengines.ch/apu2c4.htm Product File] || 950 Mbit/s || Yes || No<sup>1</sup> || No<sup>2</sup> || 2016 || $115.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/apu2/
|-
| [[:Category:Globalscale|Globalscale]] || [[Globalscale ESPRESSObin v5|Espressobin v5]] |||| 300 Mbit/s || Yes || No<sup>1</sup> || No<sup>1</sup> || 2017 || $49.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/
|-
|}

<sup>1</sup> USB and 2 mini-pcie interfaces available to add one or more wifi interfaces<br/>
<sup>2</sup> Possible with outdoor case<br/>
<sup>3</sup> Possible with additional adapters<br/>

== Mesh Radio Devices ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Point-To-Multi-Point (PTMP) Radios
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Images
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti NanoStation 5AC Loco|NanoStation 5AC Loco]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/NanoStation_ac/NS-5ACL_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/NanoStation_AC/NanoStation_AC_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || $60.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_nanostation-ac-loco/
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh|UAP AC Mesh]] || [http://dl-origin.ubnt.com/guides/UniFi/UniFi_AP-AC-M_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [http://dl-origin.ubnt.com/datasheets/unifi/UniFi_AC_Mesh_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || 2016 || $120.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/
|-
|}

== Point-To-Point Radio Devices ==
PTP radios are devices that provide a direct link between 2 locations, usually over a long range. There is no need for custom firmware on these radios. Simply configure both ends of the link with matching settings and provide line-of-sight between them to connect.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Point-To-Point (PTP) Radios
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP
|-
| [[:Category:MikroTik|MikroTik]] || [[MikroTik wAP 60G]] || [https://i.mt.lv/cdn/rb_files/1542446763RBwAPG-60ad-h.pdf Quick Start Guide] || Yes || ? || $99
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti LiteBeam 5AC Gen2|LiteBeam 5AC Gen2]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/LiteBeam_Gen2/LiteBeam_5AC-Gen2_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/LiteBeam/LiteBeam_AC_Gen2_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || ?
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti NanoBeam 5AC 16|NanoBeam 5AC 16]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/NanoBeam_ac/NanoBeam_NBE-5AC-16_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/NanoBeam_ac/NanoBeam_ac_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || ?
|-
|}

== Work In Progress Devices ==
{{Warning| The following devices are unsupported. '''If you are looking to host a node, we recommend that you buy one of the supported devices,''' as it's guaranteed that they will work in the mesh.}}
{{Note| A great way to help the tech team is to work with us to add support for the WIP devices.}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Work In Progress (WIP) Devices
! Brand !! Model !! Yggdrasil Speed !! Mesh Exit Capable !! Built-in Wifi !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Notes
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[EdgeRouter Lite]] || 40 Mbit/s || No || No || No || 2018 || $129 || This device could work, but is super slow running Yggdrasil.
|-
| [[:Category:Linksys|Linksys]] || [[Linksys WRT1900AC|WRT1900AC]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2014 || $149.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TP-Link Archer C7 AC1750|Archer C7 AC1750]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2013 || $99.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TL-WDR3500]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2012 || $44.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TL-WDR4300]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2012 || $109.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:Xiaomi|Xiaomi]] || [[Xiaomi Mi Router 3|Mi Router 3]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || ? || $30.00 ||
|-
| [[:Category:Aerohive|Aerohive]] || [[Aerohive AP330|AP330]] || ? || ? || Yes || No || 2013 || ? || Must flash Open WRT [https://git.openwrt.org/?p=openwrt/openwrt.git;a=commit;h=f2b7d9dc1ca3d33f14961cf2885639f4f9e8965e via UART.]
|-
|}

<sup>1</sup> USB and mini-pcie interfaces available to add a wifi interface<br/>

Category:Devices

2020-11-26T15:09:31Z

Lurker42o: Move EBv5 to supported devices, because it is.

__FORCETOC__
In order to mesh with other mesh nodes in your neighborhood network, you will require two main components: a device to run the Mass Mesh firmware and a radio so that you can communicate with other nodes.
{{Note|We also maintain a helpful list of [[Hardware Bundles]] for your convenience.}}
{{Warning|Always check the openwrt wiki *and* techdata *and* commit before buying a new device. Flashing OpenWRT can be very difficult on certain routers.}}

== Mesh Node Devices ==
These are devices that can run the meshing protocol (Yggdrasil.) Once they have the Mass Mesh firmware flashed, you can connect to them for access to the mesh via wifi and/or ethernet. They will also automatically discover and connect to nearby mesh nodes via their [[#Mesh Radio Devices|connected mesh radio]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Mesh Node Devices
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Yggdrasil Speed !! Mesh Exit Capable !! Built-in Wifi !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Images
|-
| [[:Category:Raspberry Pi Foundation|Raspberry Pi Foundation]] || [[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]] || [https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/README.md Hardware Specifications] || 450 Mbit/s || No<sup>3</sup> || Yes || No<sup>2</sup> || 2019 || $35.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/
|-
| PC Engines || [[PC Engines APU2|APU2]] || [https://pcengines.ch/pdf/apu2.pdf Owner's Manual], [https://pcengines.ch/apu2c4.htm Product File] || 950 Mbit/s || Yes || No<sup>1</sup> || No<sup>2</sup> || 2016 || $115.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/apu2/
|-
| [[:Category:Globalscale|Globalscale]] || [[Globalscale ESPRESSObin v5|Espressobin v5]] |||| 300 Mbit/s || Yes || No<sup>1</sup> || No<sup>1</sup> || 2017 || $49.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/
|-
|}

<sup>1</sup> USB and 2 mini-pcie interfaces available to add one or more wifi interfaces<br/>
<sup>2</sup> Possible with outdoor case<br/>
<sup>3</sup> Possible with additional adapters<br/>

== Mesh Radio Devices ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Point-To-Multi-Point (PTMP) Radios
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Images
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti NanoStation 5AC Loco|NanoStation 5AC Loco]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/NanoStation_ac/NS-5ACL_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/NanoStation_AC/NanoStation_AC_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || $60.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_nanostation-ac-loco/
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh|UAP AC Mesh]] || [http://dl-origin.ubnt.com/guides/UniFi/UniFi_AP-AC-M_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [http://dl-origin.ubnt.com/datasheets/unifi/UniFi_AC_Mesh_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || 2016 || $120.00 || https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/
|-
|}

== Point-To-Point Radio Devices ==
PTP radios are devices that provide a direct link between 2 locations, usually over a long range. There is no need for custom firmware on these radios. Simply configure both ends of the link with matching settings and provide line-of-sight between them to connect.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Supported Point-To-Point (PTP) Radios
! Brand !! Model !! Vendor Materials !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP
|-
| [[:Category:MikroTik|MikroTik]] || [[MikroTik wAP 60G]] || [https://i.mt.lv/cdn/rb_files/1542446763RBwAPG-60ad-h.pdf Quick Start Guide] || Yes || ? || $99
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti LiteBeam 5AC Gen2|LiteBeam 5AC Gen2]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/LiteBeam_Gen2/LiteBeam_5AC-Gen2_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/LiteBeam/LiteBeam_AC_Gen2_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || ?
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[Ubiquiti NanoBeam 5AC 16|NanoBeam 5AC 16]] || [https://dl.ubnt.com/guides/NanoBeam_ac/NanoBeam_NBE-5AC-16_QSG.pdf Quick Start Guide], [https://dl.ubnt.com/datasheets/NanoBeam_ac/NanoBeam_ac_DS.pdf Data Sheet] || Yes || ? || ?
|-
|}

== Work In Progress Devices ==
{{Warning| The following devices are unsupported. '''If you are looking to host a node, we recommend that you buy one of the supported devices,''' as it's guaranteed that they will work in the mesh.}}
{{Note| A great way to help the tech team is to work with us to add support for the WIP devices.}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Work In Progress (WIP) Devices
! Brand !! Model !! Yggdrasil Speed !! Mesh Exit Capable !! Built-in Wifi !! Outdoor !! Year !! MSRP !! Notes
|-
| [[:Category:Ubiquiti|Ubiquiti]] || [[EdgeRouter Lite]] || 40 Mbit/s || No || No || No || 2018 || $129 || This device could work, but is super slow running Yggdrasil.
|-
| [[:Category:Linksys|Linksys]] || [[Linksys WRT1900AC|WRT1900AC]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2014 || $149.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TP-Link Archer C7 AC1750|Archer C7 AC1750]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2013 || $99.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TL-WDR3500]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2012 || $44.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:TP-Link|TP-Link]] || [[TL-WDR4300]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || 2012 || $109.99 ||
|-
| [[:Category:Xiaomi|Xiaomi]] || [[Xiaomi Mi Router 3|Mi Router 3]] || ? || Yes || Yes || No || ? || $30.00 ||
|-
| [[:Category:Aerohive|Aerohive]] || [[Aerohive AP330|AP330]] || ? || ? || Yes || No || 2013 || ? || Must flash Open WRT [https://git.openwrt.org/?p=openwrt/openwrt.git;a=commit;h=f2b7d9dc1ca3d33f14961cf2885639f4f9e8965e via UART.]
|-
|}

<sup>1</sup> USB and mini-pcie interfaces available to add a wifi interface<br/>

New Hacker Challenge Series

2020-11-18T01:18:31Z

Lurker42o: Center image of getself output

== Install Ubuntu Linux ==
Linux is a must have for the aspiring hacker. Follow the guide here to install Ubuntu Linux: [https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-desktop Install Ubuntu Desktop]

(Ubuntu is not the only Linux distribution, or even the best. It's just shared here as an easy-to-use option that we can provide tutorials for consistently. If you would like to try out other distributions, please don't hesitate at all!)

== Connect to Yggdrasil Network ==
=== Install Yggdrasil ===
Now, you'll need to get onto the Yggdrasil network. For more information about the Yggdrasil network architecture, see [[Network Architecture]]. To connect your Linux machine to the Yggdrasil network, follow the [https://yggdrasil-network.github.io/installation-linux-deb.html guide on Yggdrasil's documentation website].

{{Note|Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution, which has the package manager <code>apt</code> already installed. The <code>apt</code> manual pages can be accessed on your Linux machine by entering the following command: <code>man apt</code>}}

=== Get Your Yggdrasil Info ===
Now that you've followed the instructions above, you should have Yggdrasil installed on your computer. Let's make sure it worked.

Once more, jump into your Linux terminal. We're going to be using a command called "sudo" for this. You may have used it above when you were installing Yggdrasil already, but it will ask for your password. For more information about sudo and the "root user", see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Root_user the Arch wiki].

Enter the following command to get your machine's Yggdrasil information: <code>sudo yggdrasilctl getself -v</code>

You should see something like the following:

[[File:Yggdrasil-getself-v-output.png|frame|center|Yggdrasil getself -v should give you your node's build name, build version, IPv6 address, IPv6 subnet, and your node's coordinates (on the Yggdrasil network.)]]

If you see output similar to that above, congratulations! You've successfully installed Yggdrasil. Now, you're ready to start adding peers.

== Complete DIY Mesh Node Guide ==
Now, you should complete the [[Node Setup|DIY Mesh Node Guide]] if you haven't already. This will allow us to do the rest of the challenges in an isolated Yggdrasil environment on your home network.

== SSH Basics ==
* Generate a key-pair
* Enter your pubkey into your mesh node
== SSH Intermediate ==
* Save mesh node yggdrasil IP in SSH config
* Log in to mesh node with saved SSH config
* use curl to get your IP address
== SSH Advanced ==
* Set a static IP and change wifi name of your mesh node

New Hacker Challenge Series

2020-11-18T01:15:08Z

Lurker42o: /* Connect to Yggdrasil Network */ Add getself check for Yggdrasil installation.

== Install Ubuntu Linux ==
Linux is a must have for the aspiring hacker. Follow the guide here to install Ubuntu Linux: [https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-desktop Install Ubuntu Desktop]

(Ubuntu is not the only Linux distribution, or even the best. It's just shared here as an easy-to-use option that we can provide tutorials for consistently. If you would like to try out other distributions, please don't hesitate at all!)

== Connect to Yggdrasil Network ==
=== Install Yggdrasil ===
Now, you'll need to get onto the Yggdrasil network. For more information about the Yggdrasil network architecture, see [[Network Architecture]]. To connect your Linux machine to the Yggdrasil network, follow the [https://yggdrasil-network.github.io/installation-linux-deb.html guide on Yggdrasil's documentation website].

{{Note|Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution, which has the package manager <code>apt</code> already installed. The <code>apt</code> manual pages can be accessed on your Linux machine by entering the following command: <code>man apt</code>}}

=== Get Your Yggdrasil Info ===
Now that you've followed the instructions above, you should have Yggdrasil installed on your computer. Let's make sure it worked.

Once more, jump into your Linux terminal. We're going to be using a command called "sudo" for this. You may have used it above when you were installing Yggdrasil already, but it will ask for your password. For more information about sudo and the "root user", see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Root_user the Arch wiki].

Enter the following command to get your machine's Yggdrasil information: <code>sudo yggdrasilctl getself -v</code>

You should see something like the following:

[[File:Yggdrasil-getself-v-output.png|frame|left|Yggdrasil getself -v should give you your node's build name, build version, IPv6 address, IPv6 subnet, and your node's coordinates (on the Yggdrasil network.)]]

If you see output similar to that above, congratulations! You've successfully installed Yggdrasil. Now, you're ready to start adding peers.

== Complete DIY Mesh Node Guide ==
Now, you should complete the [[Node Setup|DIY Mesh Node Guide]] if you haven't already. This will allow us to do the rest of the challenges in an isolated Yggdrasil environment on your home network.

== SSH Basics ==
* Generate a key-pair
* Enter your pubkey into your mesh node
== SSH Intermediate ==
* Save mesh node yggdrasil IP in SSH config
* Log in to mesh node with saved SSH config
* use curl to get your IP address
== SSH Advanced ==
* Set a static IP and change wifi name of your mesh node

File:Yggdrasil-getself-v-output.png

2020-11-18T01:11:36Z

Lurker42o:

New Hacker Challenge Series

2020-11-18T00:57:26Z

Lurker42o: /* Complete DIY Mesh Node Guide */ Add link to node setup guide.

New Hacker Challenge Series

2020-11-18T00:55:13Z

Lurker42o: /* Connect to Yggdrasil Network */ Add link to Yggdrasil install instructions and note about man pages for apt.

New Hacker Challenge Series

2020-11-18T00:50:16Z

Lurker42o: /* Install Ubuntu Linux */ Add link to Ubuntu and disclaimer about other distros

New Hacker Challenge Series

2020-11-17T03:26:52Z

Lurker42o: add challenge skeleton

== Install Ubuntu Linux ==
== Connect to Yggdrasil Network ==
== Complete DIY Mesh Node Guide ==
== SSH Basics ==
* Generate a key-pair
* Enter your pubkey into your mesh node
== SSH Intermediate ==
* Save mesh node yggdrasil IP in SSH config
* Log in to mesh node with saved SSH config
* use curl to get your IP address
== SSH Advanced ==
* Set a static IP and change wifi name of your mesh node

Main Page

2020-11-17T03:22:22Z

Lurker42o: Add red link to challenge series

[[File:Stephen_adjusting_nanostation.jpg|thumb|One of our core contributors aiming an antenna in the South End.]]

{{Note|To build a DIY mesh node, follow our [[Node Setup]] guide.}}

Mass Mesh is a high-tech social club building community-owned mesh networks throughout Boston. These networks enable home Internet access that is fairer, more secure, and more locally resilient than traditional cable. The purpose of this wiki is to provide you with all of the information you need to join the mesh by setting up your own mesh node. All of the information on this site and all of the code in our software is [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html free to use share and edit.] Please get in touch if you are interested in contributing.

== Getting Started ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Node Setup|DIY Mesh Node]]: A step-by-step guide to setting up your own mesh node, so that you can form a network with your neighbors.

; [[Neighborhood Captain Pamphlet|DIY Mesh Network]]: "Do it Together!" Read here to learn about starting a community-owned network with your neighbors.

; [[Network Architecture]]: A broad overview of how a neighborhood networks are constructed, and how to connect them to the Internet.

; [[Volunteer Projects|Contributing]]: Here's what we're working on, and what we could use your help with!

; [[Contact and Meeting Info]]: Information on how to get in touch with us online and in person.

; [[New Hacker Challenge Series]]: A series of challenges to get you hacking on the Yggdrasil network, and growing secure wireless networks in your neighborhood.

</div>

== Developer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [https://github.com/MassMesh Source]: Browse the source code behind our firmware and Yggdrasil convenience tools.

; [[LuCI Hacking]]: A developer's handbook for extending and modifying LuCI, the user interface for our mesh nodes.

; [[:Category:Devices|Supported Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

; [https://github.com/orgs/MassMesh/projects/1 Tech Team Kanban]: See upcoming development work and find a place to jump in!

; [https://circleci.com/gh/MassMesh/workflows/meta-imagebuilder/tree/master Build Status]: Our firmware's CircleCI.

; [https://downloads.massmesh.net/ Downloads]: Get our latest firmware and packages.

; [[Build infrastructure]]: A description of our build infrastructure.

</div>

== Installer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Manual Gateway Configuration]]: Steps for configuring gateway servers and clients. This tunnels people off of the Yggdrasil network.

; [[:Category:Devices|Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

</div>

LuCI Hacking

2020-11-09T00:02:23Z

Lurker42o: Add link to bandwidth monitoring for later reference.

LuCI is the front-end interface of OpenWrt, and is used to administer each of the routers (mesh nodes) on our network. Development resources for this software are fairly scattered, so please drop them here when you find them.

{{Warning| If you have "bricked" your device, have no fear! Read the [https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/troubleshooting/generic.debrick OpenWrt de-bricking guide] before doing anything rash.}}

= External Resources =
* [http://openwrt.github.io/luci/ LuCI Documentation]
* [https://github.com/openwrt/luci/tree/master/applications Example LuCI Applications]

= Adding a Package Feed =
To add a package feed, navigate to System > Software > Configure opkg. Place your package feed(s) in the box highlighted below. For more information about custom feeds, see [https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-developer/feeds#custom_feeds the OpenWrt wiki.]
{{Info|The Mass Mesh package feeds for Raspberry Pi 4b are hosted at https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/packages/aarch64_cortex-a72/generic/}}
[[File:Opkg_lists_config.png|center|frame|500px]]

= Connecting to Wi-fi without LuCI =
Sometimes, it's necessary to connect your device to wi-fi without LuCI (like when you're trying to install LuCI for the first time!) If you find yourself in this situation, here is a [https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/network/wifi/connect_client_wifi#setup_with_cli useful guide.]

= Bandwidth Monitoring =
Because this one comes up a lot, here is a link to get you started with some basic [https://oldwiki.archive.openwrt.org/doc/howto/bwmon bandwidth monitoring]

LuCI Hacking

2020-10-25T19:40:34Z

Lurker42o: Link to client mode config guide

LuCI Hacking

2020-10-25T19:11:21Z

Lurker42o: Add link to "de-bricking guide"

LuCI Hacking

2020-10-25T17:12:54Z

Lurker42o: Add instructions for custom feeds

LuCI is the front-end interface of OpenWrt, and is used to administer each of the routers (mesh nodes) on our network. Development resources for this software are fairly scattered, so please drop them here when you find them.

= External Resources =
* [http://openwrt.github.io/luci/ LuCI Documentation]
* [https://github.com/openwrt/luci/tree/master/applications Example LuCI Applications]

= Adding a Package Feed =
To add a package feed, navigate to System > Software > Configure opkg. Place your package feed(s) in the box highlighted below. For more information about custom feeds, see [https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-developer/feeds#custom_feeds the OpenWrt wiki.]
{{Info|The Mass Mesh package feeds for Raspberry Pi 4b are hosted at https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/packages/aarch64_cortex-a72/generic/}}
[[File:Opkg_lists_config.png|center|frame|500px]]

File:Opkg lists config.png

2020-10-25T17:06:00Z

Lurker42o:

LuCI Hacking

2020-10-04T16:26:05Z

Lurker42o: Add some preliminary links

LuCI is the front-end interface of OpenWrt, and is used to administer each of the routers (mesh nodes) on our network. Development resources for this software are fairly scattered, so please drop them here when you find them.

= External Resources =
* [http://openwrt.github.io/luci/ LuCI Documentation]
* [https://github.com/openwrt/luci/tree/master/applications Example LuCI Applications]

Main Page

2020-10-04T16:21:37Z

Lurker42o: /* Developer Resources */ Add link to LuCI resources.

[[File:Stephen_adjusting_nanostation.jpg|thumb|One of our core contributors aiming an antenna in the South End.]]

{{Note|To build a DIY mesh node, follow our [[Node Setup]] guide.}}

Mass Mesh is a high-tech social club building community-owned mesh networks throughout Boston. These networks enable home Internet access that is fairer, more secure, and more locally resilient than traditional cable. The purpose of this wiki is to provide you with all of the information you need to join the mesh by setting up your own mesh node. All of the information on this site and all of the code in our software is [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html free to use share and edit.] Please get in touch if you are interested in contributing.

== Getting Started ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Node Setup|DIY Mesh Node]]: A step-by-step guide to setting up your own mesh node, so that you can form a network with your neighbors.

; [[Neighborhood Captain Pamphlet|DIY Mesh Network]]: "Do it Together!" Read here to learn about starting a community-owned network with your neighbors.

; [[Network Architecture]]: A broad overview of how a neighborhood networks are constructed, and how to connect them to the Internet.

; [[Volunteer Projects|Contributing]]: Here's what we're working on, and what we could use your help with!

; [[Contact and Meeting Info]]: Information on how to get in touch with us online and in person.

</div>

== Developer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [https://github.com/MassMesh Source]: Browse the source code behind our firmware and Yggdrasil convenience tools.

; [[LuCI Hacking]]: A developer's handbook for extending and modifying LuCI, the user interface for our mesh nodes.

; [[:Category:Devices|Supported Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

; [https://github.com/orgs/MassMesh/projects/1 Tech Team Kanban]: See upcoming development work and find a place to jump in!

; [https://circleci.com/gh/MassMesh/workflows/meta-imagebuilder/tree/master Build Status]: Our firmware's CircleCI.

; [https://downloads.massmesh.net/ Downloads]: Get our latest firmware and packages.

; [[Build infrastructure]]: A description of our build infrastructure.

</div>

== Installer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Manual Gateway Configuration]]: Steps for configuring gateway servers and clients. This tunnels people off of the Yggdrasil network.

; [[:Category:Devices|Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

</div>

Main Page

2020-09-23T00:06:55Z

Lurker42o: /* Installer Resources */ Fix dead link

[[File:Stephen_adjusting_nanostation.jpg|thumb|One of our core contributors aiming an antenna in the South End.]]

{{Note|To build a DIY mesh node, follow our [[Node Setup]] guide.}}

Mass Mesh is a high-tech social club building community-owned mesh networks throughout Boston. These networks enable home Internet access that is fairer, more secure, and more locally resilient than traditional cable. The purpose of this wiki is to provide you with all of the information you need to join the mesh by setting up your own mesh node. All of the information on this site and all of the code in our software is [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html free to use share and edit.] Please get in touch if you are interested in contributing.

== Getting Started ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Node Setup|DIY Mesh Node]]: A step-by-step guide to setting up your own mesh node, so that you can form a network with your neighbors.

; [[Neighborhood Captain Pamphlet|DIY Mesh Network]]: "Do it Together!" Read here to learn about starting a community-owned network with your neighbors.

; [[Network Architecture]]: A broad overview of how a neighborhood networks are constructed, and how to connect them to the Internet.

; [[Volunteer Projects|Contributing]]: Here's what we're working on, and what we could use your help with!

; [[Contact and Meeting Info]]: Information on how to get in touch with us online and in person.

</div>

== Developer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [https://github.com/MassMesh Source]: Browse the source code behind our firmware and Yggdrasil convenience tools.

; [[:Category:Devices|Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

; [https://github.com/orgs/MassMesh/projects/1 Tech Team Kanban]: See upcoming development work and find a place to jump in!

; [https://circleci.com/gh/MassMesh/workflows/meta-imagebuilder/tree/master Build Status]: Our firmware's CircleCI.

; [https://downloads.massmesh.net/ Downloads]: Get our latest firmware and packages.

; [[Build infrastructure]]: A description of our build infrastructure.

</div>

== Installer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Manual Gateway Configuration]]: Steps for configuring gateway servers and clients. This tunnels people off of the Yggdrasil network.

; [[:Category:Devices|Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

</div>

Node Setup

2020-09-13T14:42:07Z

Lurker42o: /* Flashing the Firmware */ Transclude instructions for flashing the radio

Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh

2020-09-13T14:41:48Z

Lurker42o: /* From Stock Firmware (Ubiquiti AirOS) */

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Ubiquiti]]
[[File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png|thumb|UAP AC Mesh -- Front]]
[[File:UAP_Mounting_Slide.jpeg|thumb|UAP AC Mesh -- Back]]

The UAP AC Mesh is an omnidirectional, weather resistant, PoE powered access point. It is useful for short (less than one block,) unplanned links. If you live in an apartment building, this device will connect you with your next-door neighbor through the wall.

{{ Warning| This is a PoE device. Never connect your computer directly to the PoE injector's red port!!!}}

== Files ==
[https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin Ubiquiti Firmware (Downgrade to 3.7.xx)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin Mass Mesh Firmware (sysupgrade)]

= Flashing =

== From OpenWRT ==
If you're already using OpenWRT, you can use Luci to install the Mass Mesh firmware.
# Download the latest [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin MassMesh sysupgrade firmware.]
# Connect to the Nanostation and enter its IP address into your favorite web browser.
## If you are using another version of OpenWrt, please refer to its documentation for details about its IP address.
# Navigate to System → Backup / Flash Firmware → Actions: '''Flash new firmware image.'''
# Choose the sysupgrade file previously downloaded and click '''Flash'''
# Wait for the device to complete and reboot (This can take up to 5 minutes.)

== From Stock Firmware (Ubiquiti AirOS) ==

If your device shipped with the latest firmware, or if you upgraded to version <code>3.8.xx.xxxx</code> or higher, you need to downgrade the device before you can flash it due to the <code>mtd</code> utility being missing in later versions. Simply download any <code>3.7.xx.xxxx</code> firmware image from [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin Ubiquiti Downloads] and proceed with the recovery instructions.
<section begin="flash-uap-ac-mesh" />
=== Enter Factory Reset Mode ===

# Unplug the ethernet from the antenna (This turns it off.)
# Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
# Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
# Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

=== Set Up a Static IP Address ===

The next step is to assign your computer a static IP address of <code>192.168.1.25/24</code>
# '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
# '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
# '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

=== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ===

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.)</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>
<section end="flash-uap-ac-mesh" />

Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh

2020-09-13T14:38:55Z

Lurker42o: /* From Stock Firmware (Ubiquiti AirOS) */ Make flashing instructions into trans-cludable section.

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Ubiquiti]]
[[File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png|thumb|UAP AC Mesh -- Front]]
[[File:UAP_Mounting_Slide.jpeg|thumb|UAP AC Mesh -- Back]]

The UAP AC Mesh is an omnidirectional, weather resistant, PoE powered access point. It is useful for short (less than one block,) unplanned links. If you live in an apartment building, this device will connect you with your next-door neighbor through the wall.

{{ Warning| This is a PoE device. Never connect your computer directly to the PoE injector's red port!!!}}

== Files ==
[https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin Ubiquiti Firmware (Downgrade to 3.7.xx)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin Mass Mesh Firmware (sysupgrade)]

= Flashing =

== From OpenWRT ==
If you're already using OpenWRT, you can use Luci to install the Mass Mesh firmware.
# Download the latest [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin MassMesh sysupgrade firmware.]
# Connect to the Nanostation and enter its IP address into your favorite web browser.
## If you are using another version of OpenWrt, please refer to its documentation for details about its IP address.
# Navigate to System → Backup / Flash Firmware → Actions: '''Flash new firmware image.'''
# Choose the sysupgrade file previously downloaded and click '''Flash'''
# Wait for the device to complete and reboot (This can take up to 5 minutes.)

== From Stock Firmware (Ubiquiti AirOS) ==

If your device shipped with the latest firmware, or if you upgraded to version <code>3.8.xx.xxxx</code> or higher, you need to downgrade the device before you can flash it due to the <code>mtd</code> utility being missing in later versions. Simply download any <code>3.7.xx.xxxx</code> firmware image from [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin Ubiquiti Downloads] and proceed with the recovery instructions.

<section begin="flash-uap-ac-mesh">
=== Enter Factory Reset Mode ===

# Unplug the ethernet from the antenna (This turns it off.)
# Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
# Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
# Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

=== Set Up a Static IP Address ===

The next step is to assign your computer a static IP address of <code>192.168.1.25/24</code>
# '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
# '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
# '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

=== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ===

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.)</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>
<section end="flash-uap-ac-mesh" />

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:58:54Z

Lurker42o: Transclude internet gateway instructions

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

= Install the Mesh Node Firmware=

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

= Install the Mesh Radio Firmware =

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

== Materials ==

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

== Flashing the Firmware ==

=== Enter Factory Reset Mode ===

# Unplug the ethernet from the antenna (This turns it off.)
# Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
# Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
# Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

=== Set Up a Static IP Address ===

The next step is to assign your computer a static IP address of <code>192.168.1.25/24</code>
# '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
# '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
# '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

=== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ===

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.)</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

Once you have followed the [[First Time Setup]] guide, you can continue to the steps below. This is necessary to securely connect your mesh node to the Internet. For more information about how the mesh network(s) work, see [[Network Architecture]].

== Connecting to an Internet Gateway ==
{{#lst:First Time Setup|autoygg_firstsetup}}

First Time Setup

2020-09-11T17:58:14Z

Lurker42o: /* The Autoygg client settings page */

{{Tip | Before continuing, connect to your mesh node using the '''MassMesh.org''' wireless network or by connecting directly to the mesh node, like in [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]].}}

{{Tip | Access your mesh node by navigating to http://192.168.42.1 in your web browser.}}

== Setting Your Password ==

[[File:No_password.png|thumb|When you first boot your mesh node, there is no admin password set.]]

When you first boot your mesh node, there is no password set. This is quite dangerous, so OpenWrt will disable many useful features until you set one. Therefore, it is important that you set one up right away.

{{Warning|This is not the same thing as a wi-fi password. Your admin password should be a secret.}}

To set a password, complete the following steps:
* Navigate to "System > Administration" in the left-hand menu of OpenWrt
** [[File:Set_password_screen.png|frameless|Enter your desired password twice, and click "Save."]]
* Enter your desired password twice, and hit Enter or click "Save."

== Enabling Remote Support ==

Following these steps, you will allow a maintainer to log into and use your mesh node remotely -- as long as it's connected to the global Yggdrasil network. See [[#The Yggdrasil Page]] if you think you may not be connected to the rest of the Yggdrasil network.

In order to enable remote support, you will need to:
# Authorize the maintenance team to access your mesh node
# Allow SSH over Yggdrasil

=== Authorize the Maintenance Team to Access Your Mesh Node ===

{{Note|You must first [[#Setting Your Password|Set Up a Password]] before adding authorized remote users.}}

# Navigate to System > Administration
# Select the "SSH-Keys" tab
## [[File:SSH_Keys_Screen_owrt.png|frameless|The ssh-keys tab.]]
# Enter the following keys, clicking "Add Key" in between each
<pre>
ssh-rsa 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 lurker@lurker-T450

ssh-rsa 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 ward@countzero

ssh-rsa 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 stephen304@gmail.com

</pre>

=== Allow SSH over Yggdrasil ===
# Navigate to Network > Firewall
# Select the "Traffic Rules tab
## [[File:Firewall_traffic_rules_tab_owrt.png|frameless|The network firewall traffic rules tab.]]
# Scroll down to "Allow-SSH-Yggdrasil"
# Enable the Accept input checkbox
## [[File:Enable_ssh_over_yggdrasil_firewall_rule_checked.png|frameless|Enable the ssh-over-yggdrasil firewall rule.]]
# Click "Save and Apply"
## [[File:firewall_save_and_apply.png|frameless|Click save and apply]]

== The Diagnostic Page ==
== The Yggdrasil Page ==

[[File:Peers.png|thumb|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

One of the most helpful screens for troubleshooting is the Yggdrasil page. This page is entirely focused on your mesh node's status ''within the global Yggdrasil mesh network.'' You can access the Yggdrasil page by selecting "Network > Yggdrasil" on the right-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== Important Yggdrasil Information ===

You can view important information about your mesh node in the Yggdrasil screen. Among other things, you can view your node's static [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 IPv6] address and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography public key.]

Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes. It comes in handy very frequently, and is used for remote support (among other things.) Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network. It's good to know where it is just in case you ever need it.

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes.]]
[[File:Pubkey.png|frameless|Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network.]]

=== Checking for Peers ===

As long as your mesh node has public Yggdrasil peers, it is connected to the global Yggdrasil mesh network. This means that things like remote support will work properly. If you're interested in learning more about Yggdrasil vs. the Internet vs. the LAN, see our [[Network Architecture]] page.

A working mesh node should have several peers. You can see these in the following screen:
* [[File:Peers.png|frameless|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this:
* [[File:No_Peers.png|frameless|If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this.]]
* Note the "Proto" column.... it says "self," because the only peer your mesh node has is ... itself!

== The Internet Gateway Page ==

Once you are connected to the ''Yggdrasil mesh network'' (see previous section), it is time to configure the node for internet access. To do so, the node needs to be connected to an internet gateway. We use a program called [https://github.com/massmesh/autoygg Autoygg] for this purpose. You can access the Internet Gateway page by selecting "Network > Internet Gateway" in the left-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== The Autoygg client status page ===

The '''Status''' page shows the current connection state with the configured Autoygg Gateway. On first boot, the page will show that you are '''disconnected''':

[[File:AutoyggStatusFirstTimeSetup.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen for a new installation.]]

=== The Autoygg client settings page ===

On the '''Settings''' page, an Internet Gateway server can be configured. It is also possible (but not required) to populate your name, e-mail address and/or phone number, to identify yourself to the gateway owner.

==== Connecting to a Mass Mesh public Internet Gateway ====
<section begin=autoygg_firstsetup />
Mass Mesh runs a public Internet Gateway at the address '''201:506e:60d6:bd66:e35c:606:4883:ea9a'''. If you would like to use it to connect to the internet, put that address in the '''autoygg gateway''' field and click '''SAVE & APPLY''':

[[File:AutoyggSettingsMassMeshGateway.png|frameless|The Autoygg settings screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured.]]

At this point, the '''Status''' page will show you are not connected:

[[File:AutoyggStatusPageClientNotConnected.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured, but not connected.]]

Before you can connect to the internet via the Mass Mesh gateway, one of our volunteers will need to add your node to the accesslist on the gateway server. You can request this in the '''[https://app.element.io/#/room/#mm-ap-hosts:matrix.org Mass Mesh AP Hosts chat room].''' Please provide your Yggdrasil IPv6 address when you do so, which is available on the '''Yggdrasil node status''' page:

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to your Yggdrasil node, and never changes.]]

Once your node is added to our accesslist, you can hit the '''Connect''' button and if that goes well, the status page will look similar to this:

[[File:AutoyggStatusPageClientConnected.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured and connected.]]
</section end="autoygg_firstsetup">

==== Connecting to your own Internet Gateway ====

It is also possible to run your own Internet Gateway server. This can be done on a cheap cloud VPS, for instance. It requires installing and running the [https://github.com/MassMesh/autoygg/blob/main/README.md Autoygg server]. If you want assistance with this, please ask in the '''[https://app.element.io/#/room/#massmeshtech:matrix.org MassMesh Tech chat room].'''

First Time Setup

2020-09-11T17:52:40Z

Lurker42o: /* Connecting to a Mass Mesh public Internet Gateway */ Make this thing trans-clude-able

{{Tip | Before continuing, connect to your mesh node using the '''MassMesh.org''' wireless network or by connecting directly to the mesh node, like in [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]].}}

{{Tip | Access your mesh node by navigating to http://192.168.42.1 in your web browser.}}

== Setting Your Password ==

[[File:No_password.png|thumb|When you first boot your mesh node, there is no admin password set.]]

When you first boot your mesh node, there is no password set. This is quite dangerous, so OpenWrt will disable many useful features until you set one. Therefore, it is important that you set one up right away.

{{Warning|This is not the same thing as a wi-fi password. Your admin password should be a secret.}}

To set a password, complete the following steps:
* Navigate to "System > Administration" in the left-hand menu of OpenWrt
** [[File:Set_password_screen.png|frameless|Enter your desired password twice, and click "Save."]]
* Enter your desired password twice, and hit Enter or click "Save."

== Enabling Remote Support ==

Following these steps, you will allow a maintainer to log into and use your mesh node remotely -- as long as it's connected to the global Yggdrasil network. See [[#The Yggdrasil Page]] if you think you may not be connected to the rest of the Yggdrasil network.

In order to enable remote support, you will need to:
# Authorize the maintenance team to access your mesh node
# Allow SSH over Yggdrasil

=== Authorize the Maintenance Team to Access Your Mesh Node ===

{{Note|You must first [[#Setting Your Password|Set Up a Password]] before adding authorized remote users.}}

# Navigate to System > Administration
# Select the "SSH-Keys" tab
## [[File:SSH_Keys_Screen_owrt.png|frameless|The ssh-keys tab.]]
# Enter the following keys, clicking "Add Key" in between each
<pre>
ssh-rsa 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 lurker@lurker-T450

ssh-rsa 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 ward@countzero

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAACAQDVi8ExDYdV7EfkjQiMZA3o0QtjVNtd0wVzp9n1xFqY1dse/zHBqrEZQKBtbrk7D/NAI4qzoogC6SbHWa8fHPyc3LJuKbxHrSC8xylByGL7nAzI7AfmsHCQ8Z+OrgI625PzVpMCY/30D/rBgR2JTlzxlA35cuOPjN5r1HHE53+mVRu62jn/wTa16ubFXaYmibpZ3C830+qsAB8RPEHJH7zknFNPponAqH7kt1I8WQL6fa2TCuxIBijzDLbtX1xH4klTeMRJTK+tmLRUUjUefD/f7lNlgce7o9zkHktO5u1hmpC95/NC2cylzU9RWglHqJ21fSg66y441lm0Y9ZUc2p7DQFQP0f6kovuPWgVPWuMCQHVPgCWqqlKfTK3Dyscn9MfsCUnN2fZY+T0fx3lutLcIOwvQc/N2EDJIb0/R+7XMrzfUDVrkGeBoG11tBkKjltdC19JrAmGAkfIcN0LMOeZT7yTlZ/f/6d5C19DegXX74owM4V4pkqs/hbpmDkvQYkSXPfVpZ9ZTVUVSBrwKVaVX9A1hTXjIzfsuoZheMIdlakt0qSIuukyaIxzi1aAH67nR0kp+XCLldBDXGKQXah+mIGQPDBwWFR34re40jzxKmvLT+Dq+5yASgoLDbul8IYDJa2r7yYZQu+EgsW24p62q+y041wW4YIGBJs/cQqpCw== stephen304@gmail.com

</pre>

=== Allow SSH over Yggdrasil ===
# Navigate to Network > Firewall
# Select the "Traffic Rules tab
## [[File:Firewall_traffic_rules_tab_owrt.png|frameless|The network firewall traffic rules tab.]]
# Scroll down to "Allow-SSH-Yggdrasil"
# Enable the Accept input checkbox
## [[File:Enable_ssh_over_yggdrasil_firewall_rule_checked.png|frameless|Enable the ssh-over-yggdrasil firewall rule.]]
# Click "Save and Apply"
## [[File:firewall_save_and_apply.png|frameless|Click save and apply]]

== The Diagnostic Page ==
== The Yggdrasil Page ==

[[File:Peers.png|thumb|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

One of the most helpful screens for troubleshooting is the Yggdrasil page. This page is entirely focused on your mesh node's status ''within the global Yggdrasil mesh network.'' You can access the Yggdrasil page by selecting "Network > Yggdrasil" on the right-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== Important Yggdrasil Information ===

You can view important information about your mesh node in the Yggdrasil screen. Among other things, you can view your node's static [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 IPv6] address and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography public key.]

Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes. It comes in handy very frequently, and is used for remote support (among other things.) Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network. It's good to know where it is just in case you ever need it.

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes.]]
[[File:Pubkey.png|frameless|Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network.]]

=== Checking for Peers ===

As long as your mesh node has public Yggdrasil peers, it is connected to the global Yggdrasil mesh network. This means that things like remote support will work properly. If you're interested in learning more about Yggdrasil vs. the Internet vs. the LAN, see our [[Network Architecture]] page.

A working mesh node should have several peers. You can see these in the following screen:
* [[File:Peers.png|frameless|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this:
* [[File:No_Peers.png|frameless|If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this.]]
* Note the "Proto" column.... it says "self," because the only peer your mesh node has is ... itself!

== The Internet Gateway Page ==

Once you are connected to the ''Yggdrasil mesh network'' (see previous section), it is time to configure the node for internet access. To do so, the node needs to be connected to an internet gateway. We use a program called [https://github.com/massmesh/autoygg Autoygg] for this purpose. You can access the Internet Gateway page by selecting "Network > Internet Gateway" in the left-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== The Autoygg client status page ===

The '''Status''' page shows the current connection state with the configured Autoygg Gateway. On first boot, the page will show that you are '''disconnected''':

[[File:AutoyggStatusFirstTimeSetup.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen for a new installation.]]

=== The Autoygg client settings page ===

On the '''Settings''' page, an Internet Gateway server can be configured. It is also possible (but not required) to populate your name, e-mail address and/or phone number, to identify yourself to the gateway owner.

==== Connecting to a Mass Mesh public Internet Gateway ====
<section begin=autoygg_firstsetup />
Mass Mesh runs a public Internet Gateway at the address '''201:506e:60d6:bd66:e35c:606:4883:ea9a'''. If you would like to use it to connect to the internet, put that address in the '''autoygg gateway''' field and click '''SAVE & APPLY''':

[[File:AutoyggSettingsMassMeshGateway.png|frameless|The Autoygg settings screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured.]]

At this point, the '''Status''' page will show you are not connected:

[[File:AutoyggStatusPageClientNotConnected.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured, but not connected.]]

Before you can connect to the internet via the Mass Mesh gateway, one of our volunteers will need to add your node to the accesslist on the gateway server. You can request this in the '''[https://app.element.io/#/room/#mm-ap-hosts:matrix.org Mass Mesh AP Hosts chat room].''' Please provide your Yggdrasil IPv6 address when you do so, which is available on the '''Yggdrasil node status''' page:

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to your Yggdrasil node, and never changes.]]

Once your node is added to our accesslist, you can hit the '''Connect''' button and if that goes well, the status page will look similar to this:

[[File:AutoyggStatusPageClientConnected.png|frameless|The Autoygg status screen with the Mass Mesh gateway configured and connected.]]
</section>

==== Connecting to your own Internet Gateway ====

It is also possible to run your own Internet Gateway server. This can be done on a cheap cloud VPS, for instance. It requires installing and running the [https://github.com/MassMesh/autoygg/blob/main/README.md Autoygg server]. If you want assistance with this, please ask in the '''[https://app.element.io/#/room/#massmeshtech:matrix.org MassMesh Tech chat room].'''

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:48:38Z

Lurker42o: /* Install the Mass Mesh Firmware */ Flatten

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:47:31Z

Lurker42o: /* Set Up a Static IP Address */ fix list

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

= Install the Mesh Node Firmware=

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

= Install the Mesh Radio Firmware =

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

== Materials ==

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

== Flashing the Firmware ==

=== Enter Factory Reset Mode ===

# Unplug the ethernet from the antenna (This turns it off.)
# Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
# Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
# Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

=== Set Up a Static IP Address ===

The next step is to assign your computer a static IP address of <code>192.168.1.25/24</code>
# '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
# '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
# '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

=== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ===

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:46:42Z

Lurker42o: /* Enter Factory Reset Mode */ Redundancy

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

= Install the Mesh Node Firmware=

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

= Install the Mesh Radio Firmware =

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

== Materials ==

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

== Flashing the Firmware ==

=== Enter Factory Reset Mode ===

# Unplug the ethernet from the antenna (This turns it off.)
# Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
# Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
# Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

=== Set Up a Static IP Address ===

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

=== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ===

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:45:41Z

Lurker42o: Re-hierarchy-ize

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

= Install the Mesh Node Firmware=

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

= Install the Mesh Radio Firmware =

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

== Materials ==

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

== Flashing the Firmware ==

=== Enter Factory Reset Mode ===

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

=== Set Up a Static IP Address ===

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

=== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ===

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

=== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ===
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:41:04Z

Lurker42o: /* UAP AC Mesh */ Move intro text to make way for a trans-cluded section.

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

= Firmware Installation =

Installing the firmware is about moderate difficulty, and will take up to two hours. As mentioned above, it is best to join our chatroom before you begin. If you prefer, bring your hardware to one of our weekly [https://massmesh.org/wiki/index.php?title=Contact_and_Meeting_Info meetups], and we will be happy to flash it for you!

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

== Raspberry Pi 4 ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

== UAP AC Mesh ==

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

=== Materials ===

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===

==== Enter Factory Reset Mode ====

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

==== Set Up a Static IP Address ====

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

==== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ====

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

==== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ====
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

Node Setup

2020-09-11T17:37:25Z

Lurker42o: Move preparations to top

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

= Firmware Installation =

Installing the firmware is about moderate difficulty, and will take up to two hours. As mentioned above, it is best to join our chatroom before you begin. If you prefer, bring your hardware to one of our weekly [https://massmesh.org/wiki/index.php?title=Contact_and_Meeting_Info meetups], and we will be happy to flash it for you!

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

== Raspberry Pi 4 ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

== UAP AC Mesh ==

=== Materials ===

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

==== Enter Factory Reset Mode ====

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

==== Set Up a Static IP Address ====

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

==== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ====

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

==== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ====
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

2020-09-04T12:47:48Z

Lurker42o: Move materials out of install section

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Raspberry Pi Foundation]]
[[File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png|thumb|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]

== Files ==

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-squashfs-factory.img.gz Mass Mesh Firmware (Factory) (Latest snapshot)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz Mass Mesh Firmware (Sysupgrade) (Latest snapshot)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/packages/aarch64_cortex-a72/generic/ Mass Mesh Snapshot Package Repository]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/ Mass Mesh Firmware Snapshot Image Repository]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2711/ OpenWrt Snapshot Images Tree]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2711/packages/ OpenWrt Snapshot Package Tree]

== Materials & Software ==
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

<section begin=flashpi4 />
== Flashing the Firmware ==

# Download the latest stable version of Mass Mesh's free firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz here]
## Following along with an '''Espresso Bin v5?''' Download your firmware from [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-mvebu-cortexa53-globalscale_espressobin-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz here] instead!
# Open the Raspberry Pi Imager (Download and install it from [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ here] if you haven't yet.)
# Select "Choose OS"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Select "Choose OS"]]
# Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Use_Custom.png|frameless|Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"]]
# Find the Mass Mesh firmware you just downloaded, and select it from the filesystem.
# Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"]]
# You should see something like the following. Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Select_SD_Card.png|frameless|Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)]]
# Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write." You will see a warning like the one shown below... Go ahead and select "Yes."
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Write.png|frameless|Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write."]]
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Warning.png|frameless|You will see a warning like this... Go ahead and select "Yes."]]
# You should see a screen like the following. Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Success.png|frameless|Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.]]
# Plug the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4.
## Plug in the SD card with the gold side up, like shown here:
## [[File:Plug_in_sd_rpi.jpeg|frameless|Plug in the SD card with the gold side up]]
<section end=flashpi4 />

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. See the [[Node Setup]] guide for more info about building a wireless mesh node.

Node Setup

2020-09-04T01:07:20Z

Lurker42o: Transclude rpi firmware flashing section

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

= Firmware Installation =

Installing the firmware is about moderate difficulty, and will take up to two hours. As mentioned above, it is best to join our chatroom before you begin. If you prefer, bring your hardware to one of our weekly [https://massmesh.org/wiki/index.php?title=Contact_and_Meeting_Info meetups], and we will be happy to flash it for you!

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

== Raspberry Pi 4 ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

{{#lst:RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B|flashpi4}}

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

== UAP AC Mesh ==

=== Materials ===

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

==== Enter Factory Reset Mode ====

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

==== Set Up a Static IP Address ====

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

==== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ====

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

==== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ====
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

2020-09-04T01:01:36Z

Lurker42o: Add section tags

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Raspberry Pi Foundation]]
[[File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png|thumb|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]

== Files ==

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-squashfs-factory.img.gz Mass Mesh Firmware (Factory) (Latest snapshot)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz Mass Mesh Firmware (Sysupgrade) (Latest snapshot)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/packages/aarch64_cortex-a72/generic/ Mass Mesh Snapshot Package Repository]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/ Mass Mesh Firmware Snapshot Image Repository]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2711/ OpenWrt Snapshot Images Tree]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2711/packages/ OpenWrt Snapshot Package Tree]

<section begin=flashpi4 />
== Flashing the Firmware ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===
# Download the latest stable version of Mass Mesh's free firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz here]
## Following along with an '''Espresso Bin v5?''' Download your firmware from [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-mvebu-cortexa53-globalscale_espressobin-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz here] instead!
# Open the Raspberry Pi Imager (Download and install it from [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ here] if you haven't yet.)
# Select "Choose OS"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Select "Choose OS"]]
# Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Use_Custom.png|frameless|Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"]]
# Find the Mass Mesh firmware you just downloaded, and select it from the filesystem.
# Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"]]
# You should see something like the following. Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Select_SD_Card.png|frameless|Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)]]
# Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write." You will see a warning like the one shown below... Go ahead and select "Yes."
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Write.png|frameless|Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write."]]
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Warning.png|frameless|You will see a warning like this... Go ahead and select "Yes."]]
# You should see a screen like the following. Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Success.png|frameless|Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.]]
# Plug the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4.
## Plug in the SD card with the gold side up, like shown here:
## [[File:Plug_in_sd_rpi.jpeg|frameless|Plug in the SD card with the gold side up]]
<section end=flashpi4 />

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. See the [[Node Setup]] guide for more info about building a wireless mesh node.

Node Setup

2020-09-04T00:00:25Z

Lurker42o: /* Standard Mesh Node */ Add link to USB ETH adapters.

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter''' (See [[USB Ethernet Adapters]] for buying options.)
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

= Firmware Installation =

Installing the firmware is about moderate difficulty, and will take up to two hours. As mentioned above, it is best to join our chatroom before you begin. If you prefer, bring your hardware to one of our weekly [https://massmesh.org/wiki/index.php?title=Contact_and_Meeting_Info meetups], and we will be happy to flash it for you!

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

== Raspberry Pi 4 ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===
# Download the latest stable version of Mass Mesh's free firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz here]
## Following along with an '''Espresso Bin v5?''' Download your firmware from [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-mvebu-cortexa53-globalscale_espressobin-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz here] instead!
# Open the Raspberry Pi Imager (Download and install it from [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ here] if you haven't yet.)
# Select "Choose OS"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Select "Choose OS"]]
# Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Use_Custom.png|frameless|Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"]]
# Find the Mass Mesh firmware you just downloaded, and select it from the filesystem.
# Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"]]
# You should see something like the following. Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Select_SD_Card.png|frameless|Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)]]
# Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write." You will see a warning like the one shown below... Go ahead and select "Yes."
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Write.png|frameless|Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write."]]
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Warning.png|frameless|You will see a warning like this... Go ahead and select "Yes."]]
# You should see a screen like the following. Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Success.png|frameless|Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.]]
# Plug the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4.
## Plug in the SD card with the gold side up, like shown here:
## [[File:Plug_in_sd_rpi.jpeg|frameless|Plug in the SD card with the gold side up]]

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

== UAP AC Mesh ==

=== Materials ===

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

==== Enter Factory Reset Mode ====

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

==== Set Up a Static IP Address ====

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

==== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ====

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

==== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ====
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[First Time Setup]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]

Main Page

2020-08-27T21:20:08Z

Lurker42o: /* Getting Started */

[[File:Stephen_adjusting_nanostation.jpg|thumb|One of our core contributors aiming an antenna in the South End.]]

{{Note|To build a DIY mesh node, follow our [[Node Setup]] guide.}}

Mass Mesh is a high-tech social club building community-owned mesh networks throughout Boston. These networks enable home Internet access that is fairer, more secure, and more locally resilient than traditional cable. The purpose of this wiki is to provide you with all of the information you need to join the mesh by setting up your own mesh node. All of the information on this site and all of the code in our software is [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html free to use share and edit.] Please get in touch if you are interested in contributing.

== Getting Started ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Node Setup|DIY Mesh Node]]: A step-by-step guide to setting up your own mesh node, so that you can form a network with your neighbors.

; [[Neighborhood Captain Pamphlet|DIT Mesh Network]]: "Do it Together!" Read here to learn about starting a community-owned network with your neighbors.

; [[Network Architecture]]: A broad overview of how a neighborhood networks are constructed, and how to connect them to the Internet.

; [[Volunteer Projects|Contributing]]: Here's what we're working on, and what we could use your help with!

; [[Contact and Meeting Info]]: Information on how to get in touch with us online and in person.

</div>

== Developer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [https://github.com/MassMesh Source]: Browse the source code behind our firmware and Yggdrasil convenience tools.

; [[:Category:Devices|Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

; [https://github.com/orgs/MassMesh/projects/1 Tech Team Kanban]: See upcoming development work and find a place to jump in!

; [https://circleci.com/gh/MassMesh/workflows/meta-imagebuilder/tree/master Build Status]: Our firmware's CircleCI.

; [https://downloads.massmesh.net/ Downloads]: Get our latest firmware and packages.

; [[Build infrastructure]]: A description of our build infrastructure.

</div>

== Installer Resources ==
<div class="archwiki-main-page-columns">

; [[Gateway Configuration]]: Steps for configuring gateway servers and clients. This tunnels people off of the Yggdrasil network.

; [[:Category:Devices|Devices]]: A list of our supported devices with their performance stats, costs, and setup tutorials.

</div>

Node Setup

2020-08-21T20:51:27Z

Lurker42o: Get rid of big embedded PDF... Not entirely by choice, partially because the PDFEmbed extension stopped working :(

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter (1+)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

= Firmware Installation =

Installing the firmware is about moderate difficulty, and will take up to two hours. As mentioned above, it is best to join our chatroom before you begin. If you prefer, bring your hardware to one of our weekly [https://massmesh.org/wiki/index.php?title=Contact_and_Meeting_Info meetups], and we will be happy to flash it for you!

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

== Raspberry Pi 4 ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===
# Download the latest stable version of Mass Mesh's free firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz here]
## Following along with an '''Espresso Bin v5?''' Download your firmware from [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-mvebu-cortexa53-globalscale_espressobin-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz here] instead!
# Open the Raspberry Pi Imager (Download and install it from [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ here] if you haven't yet.)
# Select "Choose OS"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Select "Choose OS"]]
# Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Use_Custom.png|frameless|Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"]]
# Find the Mass Mesh firmware you just downloaded, and select it from the filesystem.
# Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"]]
# You should see something like the following. Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Select_SD_Card.png|frameless|Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)]]
# Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write." You will see a warning like the one shown below... Go ahead and select "Yes."
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Write.png|frameless|Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write."]]
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Warning.png|frameless|You will see a warning like this... Go ahead and select "Yes."]]
# You should see a screen like the following. Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Success.png|frameless|Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.]]
# Plug the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4.
## Plug in the SD card with the gold side up, like shown here:
## [[File:Plug_in_sd_rpi.jpeg|frameless|Plug in the SD card with the gold side up]]

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

== UAP AC Mesh ==

=== Materials ===

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

==== Enter Factory Reset Mode ====

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

==== Set Up a Static IP Address ====

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

==== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ====

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

==== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ====
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

[[File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf]]

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[Gateway Configuration]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]
# [[Gateway Configuration]]

RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

2020-08-19T13:35:12Z

Lurker42o: Add friendly flashing instructions.

[[Category:Devices]]
[[Category:Raspberry Pi Foundation]]
[[File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png|thumb|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]

== Files ==

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-squashfs-factory.img.gz Mass Mesh Firmware (Factory) (Latest snapshot)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz Mass Mesh Firmware (Sysupgrade) (Latest snapshot)]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/packages/aarch64_cortex-a72/generic/ Mass Mesh Snapshot Package Repository]

[https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/ Mass Mesh Firmware Snapshot Image Repository]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2711/ OpenWrt Snapshot Images Tree]

[https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2711/packages/ OpenWrt Snapshot Package Tree]

== Flashing the Firmware ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===
# Download the latest stable version of Mass Mesh's free firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz here]
## Following along with an '''Espresso Bin v5?''' Download your firmware from [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-mvebu-cortexa53-globalscale_espressobin-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz here] instead!
# Open the Raspberry Pi Imager (Download and install it from [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ here] if you haven't yet.)
# Select "Choose OS"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Select "Choose OS"]]
# Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Use_Custom.png|frameless|Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"]]
# Find the Mass Mesh firmware you just downloaded, and select it from the filesystem.
# Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"]]
# You should see something like the following. Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Select_SD_Card.png|frameless|Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)]]
# Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write." You will see a warning like the one shown below... Go ahead and select "Yes."
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Write.png|frameless|Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write."]]
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Warning.png|frameless|You will see a warning like this... Go ahead and select "Yes."]]
# You should see a screen like the following. Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Success.png|frameless|Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.]]
# Plug the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4.
## Plug in the SD card with the gold side up, like shown here:
## [[File:Plug_in_sd_rpi.jpeg|frameless|Plug in the SD card with the gold side up]]

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. See the [[Node Setup]] guide for more info about building a wireless mesh node.

Node Setup

2020-08-19T13:30:27Z

Lurker42o: /* Firmware Installation */ Add outline of steps

[[File:Full_Node_Diagram_(With_Labels).jpeg|thumb|A wireless mesh node consists of a "mesh node," "antenna," and an Internet connection. (Unless you're joining an existing neighborhood network, in which case you will connect to the Internet that way.)]]
[[File:Full_Node_Setup_(realism).jpeg|thumb|An example wireless mesh node with tags to match up to the diagram. See [[#Assembly]] for more details.]]

In these instructions, we will cover how to deploy a mesh node that is privacy-enabled by default, and allows you to share an Internet connection with your neighbors. The whole setup process takes about 2 hours from start to finish. The necessary hardware is listed below, and instructions for everything from flashing the firmware to placing the antenna are covered.

= Definitions =
* '''Mesh Node:''' A ''mesh node'' is the smallest unit on a mesh network. Every ''mesh node'' is a ''router'', and is critical for delivering the online traffic of its neighbors. For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.
* '''Firmware:''' Firmware is the first thing that you will install on your mesh node. ''Firmware'' is just like the operating system on your computer (Linux, Windows, Mac, etc.) ''Firmware'' is what allows us to install applications, manage users, and all the other things you can do on a functioning computer. The firmware that we use on our network is a customized version of [https://openwrt.org OpenWrt].
* '''Antenna/Radio:''' The ''antenna'' (or ''radio'') is what allows your mesh node to communicate with other mesh nodes. Our ''antennas'' communicate in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_spectrum free spectrum] at 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz -- just like the wi-fi in your home or workplace.
* '''Router:''' A ''router'' is any computer that is responsible for "routing" information on a network. All the ''mesh nodes'' on our network can also be called ''routers.''
* '''Gateway:''' A ''gateway'' or ''gateway server'' is a computer (usually a big one) that acts as a bridge between two networks. In order to provide a high level of security on our network, all of our ''mesh nodes'' reach the Internet through a ''gateway server.'' For more details about how mesh networks and neighborhood networks work internally, please see the [[Network Architecture]] page.

= Preparation =

{{Note|Set yourself up for success, and '''[https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org introduce yourself in one of our chat rooms] before you begin.''' Something will go wrong during the setup process, and it's best to have experienced friends ready to help when it does.}}

== Considerations ==

* '''Time:''' about 2 hours
* '''Cost:''' about $150
* '''Internet Access:''' If you do not already have Internet access, you will need to find a neighbor (on your same street) who is willing to set up a mesh node at their home too, and work out a deal to share their Internet connection fairly.
* '''Difficulty:''' The instructions contained on this website are quite technical, and may be incomplete in some places. Most of these instructions were written with Linux users in mind. If you are using another operating system (like Windows or Mac,) some "[https://ddg.gg googling]" may be necessary to get through them. As stated above, it's good to have friends. [https://riot.im/app/#/group/+massmesh:matrix.org Introduce yourself in any of our chat channels] if you want some help getting started!

== Materials ==

=== Standard Mesh Node ===
To set up a standard mesh node that broadcasts a secure Internet connection in all directions, you will need to obtain the following equipment:
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:Pi_power_supply.jpg | '''Official Raspberry Pi 4 Power Supply'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (3x)''' (Three sections, cut to length)
File:usb_to_eth.png | '''USB to Ethernet Adapter (1+)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Custom Mesh Nodes ===
If you know what kind of hardware you want, and this 'aint it, please see the recommended [[Hardware Bundles]], or browse the full list of [[:Category:Devices|Devices]].

= Firmware Installation =

Installing the firmware is about moderate difficulty, and will take up to two hours. As mentioned above, it is best to join our chatroom before you begin. If you prefer, bring your hardware to one of our weekly [https://massmesh.org/wiki/index.php?title=Contact_and_Meeting_Info meetups], and we will be happy to flash it for you!

The steps to get a mesh node up and running are as follows:
# Flash the firmware on your mesh node (Raspberry Pi 4 is recommended)
# Flash the firmware on your mesh radio (UAP AC Mesh is recommended in most cases)
# Assemble the wireless mesh node
# Configure a secure Internet gateway connection

== Raspberry Pi 4 ==

=== Materials & Software ===
{{Tip|Download and install the appropriate version of the [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ Raspberry Pi Imager] for your computer before continuing.}}
<gallery>
File:Rpf-raspberry-pi-4-model-b.png | '''[[RPF Raspberry Pi 4 Model B]]'''
File:MicroSD_card.jpg | '''microSD Card''' (4GB+)
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (1x)'''
File:Usb-reader-writer.png | '''SD Card reader/writer.''' (Some computers come with this built in.)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===
# Download the latest stable version of Mass Mesh's free firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/rpi-4/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-bcm27xx-bcm2711-rpi-4-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz here]
## Following along with an '''Espresso Bin v5?''' Download your firmware from [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshnode/globalscale_espressobin/openwrt-massmesh-meshnode-mvebu-cortexa53-globalscale_espressobin-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz here] instead!
# Open the Raspberry Pi Imager (Download and install it from [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ here] if you haven't yet.)
# Select "Choose OS"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Select "Choose OS"]]
# Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Use_Custom.png|frameless|Scroll to the bottom of the list, and select "Use Custom"]]
# Find the Mass Mesh firmware you just downloaded, and select it from the filesystem.
# Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Main_Screen.png|frameless|Once you have selected the appropriate firmware, select "Choose SD Card"]]
# You should see something like the following. Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Select_SD_Card.png|frameless|Go ahead and select that card. (You probably only see one, but use the size of the card as a hint if you see several.)]]
# Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write." You will see a warning like the one shown below... Go ahead and select "Yes."
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Write.png|frameless|Once you have selected the OS and the SD Card, select "Write."]]
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Warning.png|frameless|You will see a warning like this... Go ahead and select "Yes."]]
# You should see a screen like the following. Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.
## [[File:RPI_Imager_Success.png|frameless|Click "Continue," and remove the SD card from your computer.]]
# Plug the micro SD card into your Raspberry Pi 4.
## Plug in the SD card with the gold side up, like shown here:
## [[File:Plug_in_sd_rpi.jpeg|frameless|Plug in the SD card with the gold side up]]

'''Congratulations!!!''' You have successfully prepared your Raspberry Pi 4b to act as a secure mesh node. Set it aside for now while we prepare the other hardware. We will assemble it at the end in [[#Assembly]].

=== Troubleshooting/Progress Check ===

To troubleshoot the install so far, please follow the [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]] guide. That guide will cover how to connect your laptop directly to the mesh node and make sure everything is set up as it should be. This can be helpful on your first install, or when you suspect the antenna (not set up yet) to be causing issues.

== UAP AC Mesh ==

=== Materials ===

<gallery>
File:Ubnt-uap-ac-m.png | '''[[Ubiquiti UAP AC Mesh]]'''
File:Ethernet.jpg | '''Ethernet Cable (2x)'''
File:Poe.jpg | '''PoE Injector''' (One should come with the UAP AC Mesh if you buy it new)
File:Paperclip.jpg | '''One Paperclip''' (Seriously, these come in handy)
</gallery>

=== Install the Firmware ===

The steps to install firmware on the antenna are a bit different than they were for the Raspberry Pi. For one thing, the antenna does not have an SD card. So, we will have to install the firmware by connecting to the antenna with our laptop. Please see page 6 of the "Node Installation Guide" for instructions on plugging in the antenna. After you have followed the instructions there, connect your computer to the port marked "LAN" on your PoE injector. We are now ready to begin installing the firmware.

==== Enter Factory Reset Mode ====

# Put the antenna into factory reset mode
## Unplug the ethernet from the antenna
## Use a paper clip to hold in the reset button
## Plug the ethernet back in to the antenna, holding the paperclip steady as you do
## Continue holding the paper clip until the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh starts blinking OFF/WHITE/BLUE (should take about 30 seconds)

==== Set Up a Static IP Address ====

# Assign your computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.25/24
## '''Windows:''' [https://winaero.com/blog/set-static-ip-address-windows-10/ Setting a static IP address in Windows 10]
## '''Mac:''' [https://osxdaily.com/2010/12/17/set-static-ip-address-mac/ Setting a static IP address in OSX]
## '''Linux:''' [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-configure-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-18-04/#configuring-static-ip-address-on-ubuntu-desktop Setting a static IP address in Ubuntu 18.04 desktop]

==== Downgrade Ubiquiti AirOS ====

Because we are "jailbreaking" the Ubiquiti router, we have to downgrade to an older version of their proprietary firmware first. Using a tool called TFTP, we can do this quite simply.

# Download [https://dl.ui.com/unifi/firmware/U7PG2/3.7.58.6385/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin version 3.7 of Ubiquiti's AirOS]
# Rename the firmware file to <code>firmware.bin</code>, as the device will look for this file name
# Launch a command prompt/terminal, and enter the following, one line at a time:
<pre>
tftp
</pre>
<pre>
tftp> connect 192.168.1.20
tftp> binary
tftp> rexmt 1
tftp> timeout 60
tftp> put firmware.bin
Sent x bytes in x seconds
</pre>
The LED will flash at varying speeds, then it will turn solid when complete.

* If you don't see something like what's shown above (maybe your "Transfer timed out.), go back and make sure that the light on the side of your UAP AC Mesh is blinking in the pattern indicated above. If not, start again from [[#Enter Factory Reset Mode]]
* If the light is blinking properly, make sure that your static IP address was assigned properly. If not, start again from [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]]
* If you are still having trouble transferring firmware to the device, reach out for help in the chatroom. Someone will help you get unstuck.

==== Install the Mass Mesh Firmware ====
<ol>
<li>
Download the latest Mass Mesh radio firmware [https://downloads.massmesh.net/snapshots/images/meshradio/ubnt_unifiac-mesh/openwrt-massmesh-meshradio-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-mesh-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin here.]
</li>
<li>Statically assign your computer the IP address <code>192.168.1.25</code> (You may already have this complete, if you're following this whole guide start to finish.)
<ul>
<li>See [[#Set Up a Static IP Address]] if needed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b>Open a terminal/command prompt.</b> You will need it in order to copy/paste the commands shown below.
</li>
<li>Copy the Mass Mesh firmware onto the device:
<ul>
<li> <pre>scp openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp/</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSH into the device and log in with the default username and password <code>ubnt / ubnt</code>
<ul>
<li><pre>ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20</pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Then write the firmware to <code>kernel0</code> and <code>kernel1</code> by entering the following into the terminal, line by line:
<ul>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1</pre>
</li>
<li>You should see something like the following:</li>
<li>
<pre>BZ.v3.7.40# mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
Unlocking kernel0 ...
Erasing kernel0 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel0 ... [e/w]

BZ.v3.7.40# mtd -r write /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel1
Unlocking kernel1 ...
Erasing kernel1 ...
Writing from /tmp/openwrt-ar71xx-generic-ubnt-unifiac-lite-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin to kernel1 ... [e/w]</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Type <code>reboot</code> into the terminal, and hit enter. The radio will now restart. Please wait upwards of 5+ minutes during this "first boot" process. When the device is working properly, you should see a wifi network named "MassMesh.org"
</ol>

'''Congratulations!''' You have now installed all the firmware you need. Set the radio aside, and pick up in [[#Assembly]]

= Assembly =

To assemble your mesh node, please follow this PDF guide. It can be downloaded for your convenience.

<pdf>File:New_Node_Install_Guide.pdf</pdf>

= Next Steps =

{{Note|You still have to do [[Gateway Configuration]] in order to access the Internet.}}

# [[First Time Setup]]
# [[Gateway Configuration]]

Manual Gateway Configuration

2020-08-19T00:02:24Z

Lurker42o: /* Using Auto YGG */ Change public autoygg gateway.

__FORCETOC__

{{Info|Our gateway's public key is d5ce5d9e98bf9d5031c0e78a64339915b71e77b808830a719241afb7dd6c8c25. After coordinating with [mailto:lurker@riseup.net our gateway operator], you will get an IPv4 address necessary to complete the [[#Gateway Client Configuration]] steps.}}

= Gateway Server Configuration =

== Manual Configuration ==

Add <code>0.0.0.0/0</code> to <code>IPv4LocalSubnets</code> and enable <code>TunnelRouting</code> in <code>/etc/yggdrasil.conf</code>

TunnelRouting:
{
# Enable or disable tunnel routing.
Enable: true
# IPv4 subnets belonging to this node's end of the tunnels. Only traffic
# from these ranges will be tunnelled.
IPv4LocalSubnets:
[
0.0.0.0/0
]
}

Restart yggdrasil with <code>systemctl restart yggdrasil.service</code> or <code>service yggdrasil restart</code>

Assign an IP/subnet to the yggdrasil interface (<code>tun0</code> or <code>ygg0</code>)

ip addr add 10.42.0.1/16 dev tun0

For every node using the gateway, pick an IP address in the previous subnet and inform yggdrasil of the public key of the node to be associated with the chosen IP

yggdrasilctl addremotesubnet subnet=10.42.0.10/32 box_pub_key=<client_public_key>

Finally, add iptables rules to route / forward traffic to the internet. Replace eth0 with the WAN interface of the gateway

iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
echo 1 | tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

= Gateway Client Configuration =

== Using Auto YGG ==

Public Gateway Address: 201:506e:60d6:bd66:e35c:606:4883:ea9a

This can be accomplished in LuCi. Navigate to "Network > Internet Gateway (autoygg)."

== Using mm-cli ==

This method will work as long as you connect your client device to the Internet during the install.
<pre>
opkg update
opkg install python3-pip
pip install mm-cli
alias mm="python -m mm_cli
mm cl setgateway d5ce5d9e98bf9d5031c0e78a64339915b71e77b808830a719241afb7dd6c8c25 10.42.0.{Client_IP}/24 10.42.0.1
</pre>

== Manual Configuration ==

Add <code>0.0.0.0/0</code> to <code>IPv4LocalSubnets</code> and enable <code>TunnelRouting</code> in <code>/etc/yggdrasil.conf</code>

TunnelRouting:
{
# Enable or disable tunnel routing.
Enable: true
# IPv4 subnets belonging to this node's end of the tunnels. Only traffic
# from these ranges will be tunnelled.
IPv4LocalSubnets:
[
0.0.0.0/0
]
}

Restart yggdrasil with <code>systemctl restart yggdrasil.service</code> or <code>service yggdrasil restart</code>

Add the IP address allocated on the gateway for this node to the yggdrasil interface

ip addr add 10.42.0.10/16 dev ygg0

Inform yggdrasil of the gateway node's public key

yggdrasilctl addremotesubnet subnet=0.0.0.0/0 box_pub_key=<gateway_public_key>

If the client device is connected to WAN, add routes to each yggdrasil peer's IP address to override the default route. Replace <code><peer_ip></code> with the IP address of the yggdrasil peer (likely found in yggdrasil.conf), replace <code><wan_gw></code> with the IP address of the router or gateway the client device is connected to (likely 192.168.1.1), and replace <code><wan_dev></code> with the interface name of the WAN port on the client device. Do this for every peer yggdrasil is configured to use.

ip ro add <peer_ip> via <wan_gw> dev <wan_dev>

Finally, replace the default route with one pointing to the gateway node's tunnel IP

ip ro replace default via 10.42.0.1

= Diagnostics Commands =

tcpdump -nqi any net 4.2.2.1
ip a | grep 200
# think metric as in "cost" -> higher is lower priority
ip route del default via 192.168.42.1 dev enp0s25
ip route del default via 192.168.42.1 dev enp0s25 metric 700
./build -d # build w/ debug flag
env PPROFLISTEN=localhost:6060 ./yggdrasil -useconffile /etc/yggdrasil/yggdrasil.conf
http://localhost:6060/debug/pprof/
./yggdrasilctl -v getself

First Time Setup

2020-08-17T23:33:28Z

Lurker42o: /* The Yggdrasil Page */ Remove TMI image.

First Time Setup

2020-08-17T23:32:55Z

Lurker42o: /* The Yggdrasil Page */ Add section about IPv6 and pubkey.

{{Tip | Before continuing, connect to your mesh node using the '''MassMesh.org''' wireless network or by connecting directly to the mesh node, like in [[Mesh Node Troubleshooting]].}}

{{Tip | Access your mesh node by navigating to http://192.168.42.1 in your web browser.}}

== Setting Your Password ==

[[File:No_password.png|thumb|When you first boot your mesh node, there is no admin password set.]]

When you first boot your mesh node, there is no password set. This is quite dangerous, so OpenWrt will disable many useful features until you set one. Therefore, it is important that you set one up right away.

{{Warning|This is not the same thing as a wi-fi password. Your admin password should be a secret.}}

To set a password, complete the following steps:
* Navigate to "System > Administration" in the left-hand menu of OpenWrt
** [[File:Set_password_screen.png|frameless|Enter your desired password twice, and click "Save."]]
* Enter your desired password twice, and hit Enter or click "Save."

== Enabling Remote Support ==

Following these steps, you will allow a maintainer to log into and use your mesh node remotely -- as long as it's connected to the global Yggdrasil network. See [[#The Yggdrasil Page]] if you think you may not be connected to the rest of the Yggdrasil network.

In order to enable remote support, you will need to:
# Authorize the maintenance team to access your mesh node
# Allow SSH over Yggdrasil

=== Authorize the Maintenance Team to Access Your Mesh Node ===

{{Note|You must first [[#Setting Your Password|Set Up a Password]] before adding authorized remote users.}}

# Navigate to System > Administration
# Select the "SSH-Keys" tab
## [[File:SSH_Keys_Screen_owrt.png|frameless|The ssh-keys tab.]]
# Enter the following keys, clicking "Add Key" in between each
<pre>
ssh-rsa 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 lurker@lurker-T450

ssh-rsa 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 ward@countzero

ssh-rsa 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 stephen304@gmail.com

</pre>

=== Allow SSH over Yggdrasil ===
# Navigate to Network > Firewall
# Select the "Traffic Rules tab
## [[File:Firewall_traffic_rules_tab_owrt.png|frameless|The network firewall traffic rules tab.]]
# Scroll down to "Allow-SSH-Yggdrasil"
# Enable the Accept input checkbox
## [[File:Enable_ssh_over_yggdrasil_firewall_rule_checked.png|frameless|Enable the ssh-over-yggdrasil firewall rule.]]
# Click "Save and Apply"
## [[File:firewall_save_and_apply.png|frameless|Click save and apply]]

== The Diagnostic Page ==
== The Yggdrasil Page ==

[[File:Peers.png|thumb|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]
[[File:No_Peers.png|thumb|If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this.]]

One of the most helpful screens for troubleshooting is the Yggdrasil page. This page is entirely focused on your mesh node's status ''within the global Yggdrasil mesh network.'' You can access the Yggdrasil page by selecting "Network > Yggdrasil" on the right-hand menu in OpenWrt.

=== Important Yggdrasil Information ===

You can view important information about your mesh node in the Yggdrasil screen. Among other things, you can view your node's static [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6 IPv6] address and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography public key.]

Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes. It comes in handy very frequently, and is used for remote support (among other things.) Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network. It's good to know where it is just in case you ever need it.

[[File:IPv6.png|frameless|Your static IPv6 address is unique to the Yggdrasil, and never changes.]]
[[File:Pubkey.png|frameless|Your public key is sometimes used to gain access to private resources on the Yggdrasil network.]]

=== Checking for Peers ===

As long as your mesh node has public Yggdrasil peers, it is connected to the global Yggdrasil mesh network. This means that things like remote support will work properly. If you're interested in learning more about Yggdrasil vs. the Internet vs. the LAN, see our [[Network Architecture]] page.

A working mesh node should have several peers. You can see these in the following screen:
* [[File:Peers.png|frameless|A working mesh node should have several peers.]]

If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this:
* [[File:No_Peers.png|frameless|If you don't have any peers, your Yggdrasil screen will look something like this.]]
* Note the "Proto" column.... it says "self," because the only peer your mesh node has is ... itself!

== The Internet Gateway Page ==

File:Pubkey.png

2020-08-17T23:31:24Z

Lurker42o:

File:IPv6.png

2020-08-17T23:29:04Z

Lurker42o:

First Time Setup

2020-08-16T21:56:57Z

Lurker42o: Add URL of the mesh node as a tip.